Chemo Drugs

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Methotrexate (MTX, Amethopterin)

What Does It Look Like?

Yellow/gold liquid; tablet

How Is It Given?

• Intravenous (vein)
• Intramuscular (muscle)
• Intrathecal (spinal fluid)
• Oral (mouth)

Why Am I Taking It?

Methotrexate is an anti-cancer drug that stops cells from dividing. This drug is used to treat several kings of cancer. Including lung, breast, ovarian, multiple myeloma, leukemia, head and neck, and some kings of lymphoma.

What Side Effects May Occur?

You may experience some, all, or none of those listed. Most side effects do not last long. Tell the doctor or nurse about any that you notice. The information here does not include all possible side effects; others may occur. Please report any problems to your doctor.

Low Blood Counts

• A drop in blood cell counts occurs about 5-10 days after treatment.
• Call your doctor about any signs of infection of bleeding.
• Avoid situations during this time where you may be exposed to people with infections.
• Your blood will be drawn occasionally while you are receiving therapy to check your blood counts.

Mouth Sores

• Frequent care by brushing teeth and rinsing mouth is important. Rinse after meals and at bedtime with a mild salt solution.
• A liquid medicine can be ordered to coat these sores if they occur.

Mild Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea

• Drugs can be ordered to control these symptoms if they become severe.
• Call your doctor if the medications are not working or if you notice blood in your vomit or stools.

Skin Changes

• Rash or changes in skin coloring may occur.
• Limit the amount of time you are exposed to the sun, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. when the sun's rays are strongest.
• Use sunscreen.

Special Notes

• Liver or kidney damage may occur when Methotrexate is given in high doses or for long periods of time. Drink 8-12 glasses of liquids per day.
• You should not take other drugs unless they are approved of by your doctor. This includes both prescribed and over the counter medications such as aspirin, sulfa, blood thinners, and vitamins with folic acid.
• Changes in your menstrual cycle or sperm count may occur. Discuss birth control measures with your doctor as it is not advisable to conceive or to father children while taking this drug.